Avoid alternate hosts such as sorghum and pearl millet plant early in rainy periods intercrop with legumes use pushpull strategy. Pdf ecology of the african maize stalk borer, busseola fusca. Farmers perceptions of maize stem borer and adoption of. Jalali and singh 2003 also reported similar results. Pdf management of maize stem borer chilo partellus. The african maize stem borer, busseola fusca fuller, is the most important insect pest of maize in south africa. A maize field infested with striga hermonthica 6 figure 8. The maize stalk and stem borer is common in africa, mostly in areas above an altitude of 700m. Busseola fusca is the scientific name of the african maize stalk borer. Herbal preparation to control maize stem borer national. White eggs are laid in batches on the underside of leaves in columns stretching from the stem.
Stalk borer grasshoppers european corn borer 1st gen. Abundance and diversity of maize stem borer species in a maize groundnut mixture in central cameroon. Relationships of intercropped maize, stem borer damage to. High stemborers tunnel length and high striga count contributed to low maize production in control plots.
Plant desmodium in between maize rows to repel stalk borers from the maize. Pdf assessment of maize stem borer damage on hybrid maize. The stem borer larvae bore at the base of the plants during the vegetative stage. Nov 21, 2019 evaluation of pheromone trapping systems in relation to light trap captures of the maize stalk borer, busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera. Borer infestation and damage in relation to maize stand. Among these, about half a dozen pests are of economic importance. Genetics of sorghum, maize, rice and sugarcane resistance to the cereal stem borer, chilo spp. Nairobi univfrsity ka8ete llhrahv a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the. Common names include maize stalk borer, maize stem borer and sorghum stalk stem borer. Shoot fly, borers, shoot bug and aphid, polyphagous pest like cornworm cause considerable yield reduction in maize. Plant napier grass along the borders of the maize as a trap crop to pull stalk borers away from the maize. Chilo partellus, the spotted stem borer, is the most common of the chilo species found in africa, while the african pink stem borer, sesamia calamistis, is the most common species of sesamia.
It is found in india, pakistan, ethiopia, lesotho, madagascar, malawi, south africa, sudan, tanzania, uganda and on mayotte. It is a serious pest of wheat and rabi all over india but is more prevalent in south india. Introduction maize stem borer is a common pest in many african countries throughout subsaharan african. Busseola fusca has already evolved resistance to cry1ab bt maize in south africa van rensburg 2007. Biological control many natural enemies of the african maize stalk borer have been reported two of the most abundant natural enemies or the larval parasitoids cotesia sesamiac and bracon sesamiac 10. More than insects have been recorded causing damage to maize in india. Stalk borers are distributed throughout the united states east of the rocky mountains. While the focus is on the african maize stem borer, busseola fusca reference is also made to other economically important stem borer species.
Economic evaluation and efficacy of various insecticides. It lays its eggs on the under surface of the leaf in batches and completes its life cycle in the plant, damaging it. Pdf population dynamics of maize stem borer, chilo. Haefele 3, 1 school of agriculture, food and wine, university of adelaide, adelaide, sa 5064, south australia, australia. Introduction the african maize stem borer, busseola fusca fuller, is the most important insect pest of maize in south africa. Incidence of maize stem borer during kharif, 2017 the maize stem borer, chilo partellus and pink stem borer, sesamia inferens was observed to infest the maize crop. It is found in india, pakistan, ethiopia, lesotho, madagascar, malawi, south africa, sudan, tanzania, uganda and on mayotte c. This species is a common stem borer that attack maize and sorghum in eastern, northern, southern and western ethiopia getu et al. Effects of grain legumes and cover crops on maize yield and plant damage by busseola fusca lepidoptera. Pdf on nov 16, 2009, ishtiyaq ahad and others published population dynamics of maize stem borer, chilo partellus swinhoe in upper himalayas of jammu region find, read and cite all the research. A generally accepted estimate of annual losses during the early part of the 20th century was 10% of the national crop mally, 1920.
For maize, threatening organisms are stem borers, nematodes, bacteria, viruses, fungi and weeds are some of the organisms that have negative impact on the maize plant. The international centre of insect physiology and ecology. In india, maize is the third important cereal crop after rice and wheat that provides food, feed and fodder. Field trials were conducted in the long and short rainy seasons of 2002 and 2003 to assess the level of damage and yield reductions caused by stem borers in monocropped maize and in maize intercropped with nonhost plants such as cassava, cowpea and soybean. Economic impact of maize stem borer chilo partellus. Forty four maize genotypes were screened for resistance to maize stem borer at. Efficacy of different insecticides against maize stem borer chilo partellus swinhoe and maize aphid rhopalosiphum maidis fitch infesting maize.
Evaluation of pheromone trapping systems in relation to light trap captures of the maize stalk borer, busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera. High stemborers tunnel length and high striga count contributed to. Noctuidae is an important pest of maize and sorghum in subsaharan africa. Lepidopteran stemborers are a serious pest of maize in africa. Pdf stem borer species composition on maize and two non. Despite the growing importance of maize in the forest zone of democratic republic of congo, no data is available regarding stem borer pest species present and their.
Prevention and control of stalk borer in maize february 2017 maize is the most widely produced crop in south africa, grown extensively in the free state, mpumalanga, and the north west as well as most other provinces but in smaller expanses. Borer infestations of maize crops grown at various planting densities were studied in the ivory coast. The problem of the stem borer the maize stem borer, chilo partellus, is the most dangerous pest of maize crop. A research was conducted during the kharif season 2015 to investigate an infestation of insect. Most stem borers belong to the families pyralidae and noctuidae, and the immature insects, the caterpillars, tunneling in the stems and feeding on the soft tissues, cause the injury. Maize stalk borers are pests of maize, sorghum and other crops throughout many countries in africa. Four granular carbofuran, fipronil, cartap, monomihypo, two foliar emmamectin, deltamethrin. Following the observation that maize plants growing under the e. The most injurious pests of cereals are the lepidopteran stem borers, with the crambid spotted stem borer chilo partellus swinhoe and noctuid african stem borer busseola fusca, being the most economically important field insect pests in maize cultivation in africa. Life cycle of the stemborer bussela fusca 5 figure 6. However, during rabi, 201718 only incidence of ferens was observed. Due to the unique nature of african farming systems e. Adult moths are grayish brown in color with small white spots along the front edge and along the tips of the forewings.
Selection of maize genotypes resistant to pink stem borer and. Maize is an important economic crop grown in nigeria. Genetics of sorghum, maize, rice and sugarcane resistance. Insect pests of maize, the damage caused on maize plants. Fabaceae, a tropical and subtropical flowering tree, and their antifeedant activity explored 8. Pdf busseola fusca fuller, the african maize stalk borer. Common stalk borer is native to north america and attacks 176 different plant species. Both additive and nonadditive gene effects are important in the. Furthermore, maize lethal necrosis, maize streak virus and maize ear rot diseases respectively cause about 50%, 47%, and 49% of the maize damages in both counties. Several species of chilo are serious pests stem borers of sorghum, maize, rice and sugarcane. Economic impact of maize stem borer chilo partellus attack. While farmers have adopted cultural control practices at the field scale, it is not clear how these practices affect stemborer infestation levels and how their efficacy is influenced by.
Noctuidae in the humid forest of southern cameroon. The roots and the stem were known to contain antimicrobial compounds 9, and the seeds. Studies on the maize and jowar stem borer, chilo zonellus swinhoe. Related to this, new avenues of stem borer management are proposed. It damages the crop significantly and reduces the yield by 20 per cent but in severe cases the yield loss many be many times more. Differential resistance reaction of maize genotypes to maize. Pdf assessment of maize stem borer damage on hybrid. The current paper is the first paper having comprehensively and systematically documented the impact of the maize stem borer on maize crop yield in pakistan. Population dynamics of maize stem borer, chilo partellus swinhoe in upper himalayas of jammu region. Stem borer majrapoka any of the numerous species of lepidopterous insect pests that habitually bores into the stem of the host plant and feed on the inner tissues.
Mean stem borer tunnel length in maize was significantly reduced by 35. Show full abstract of maize stem borer damage during both seasons. Insect pests of maize, the damage caused on maize plants and. Pdf management of maize stem borer chilo partellus with. The virions are isometric with a diameter of 30 nm and contain one segment of ssrna of 9. Studies on maize stem borer, chilo partellus in peshawar valley abid farid, muhammad iqbal nawaz khan, amanullah khan, sana ullah khan khattak, alamzeb and abdus sattar nuclear institute for food and agriculture, peshawar abstract. In conventional tillage, stalk borer damage is usually confined to field margins and corn plants along grassy waterways and terraces. Dec 11, 2018 for maize, threatening organisms are stem borers, nematodes, bacteria, viruses, fungi and weeds are some of the organisms that have negative impact on the maize plant.
An increase in notill corn acreage has increased common stalk borer incidence and problems. So the present experiment has been attempted on maize to control stem borer using conventional pesticides under field condition. Maize stem borer msb, chilo partellus swinhoe, lepidoptera. Host plant resistance is the costeffective, ecologically sound and stable approach to reduce damage by stem borers. Management of stem borer chilo partellus swinhoe in. Eggs laid on grassytype weeds in the field are usually destroyed by tillage. It is found in aquatic environments where there is continuous flooding. Life cycle of the stemborer chilo partellus the spotted stemborer 5 figure 7. Combining ability among multiple borer resistant, maize. Busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera, noctuidae and eldana saccharina walker lepidoptera, pyralidae, was similar at. Factsheet busseola fusca fuller, 1901 african maize. Stalk borer pests corn integrated pest management ipm.
The caterpillar has black spots on its back and is pink in colour. Relationships of intercropped maize, stem borer damage to maize yield and landuse efficiency in the humid forest of. A stem borer larva feeding inside a maize stem 4 figure 5. Maize plants are less able to tolerate stem borer attack than sorghum and pearl millet plants and yield losses of 12% or more occur. Inbred lines, resistant to chilo partellus and busseola fusca stem borers 11 karaya githu haron b. In older plants, the caterpillars of the first generation bore in the main stem. Btmaize has revolutionized stem borer control in several countries and also.
The most relevant stem boring species associated with maize production in nigeria are moths belonging to the families noctuidae and pyralidae, namely. Its production is dramatically affect by the pink stem borersesamia calamistis hampson, noctuidae and sugarcane borereldana saccharina walker, pyralidae that are endemic in southeastern nigeria. Gm maize will be approved for control of several lepidopteran stem borer species in africa within the next few years. Maize stalk borers are common pests throughout subsaharan africa. There are three main species of stalk borers which attack maize. Colonisation of the plant by borers, severity of infestation and damage strongly depend on the cropping system and soil fertility, which affects the nutritional. Maize stem borer damage varied from 10 to 50% in peshawar valley during 2003. Noctuidae, is a native north american insect that occurs from the atlantic coast to the western great plains, and from canada to the gulf of mexico decker 1931. Pyralidae is one of the most important insect pest of maize in nepal. Ecology of the african maize stalk borer, busseola fusca. Oct 01, 2010 stalk borer injury to corn is especially prevalent where corn is grown adjacent to roadside ditches, fence lines, grass waterways, and conservation terraces meyer and peterson 1998, or in minimum and notillage fields with grass or broadleaf weeds rubink and mccartney 1982, stinner and house 1990, levine 1993. Common names include maize stalk borer, maize stem borer and sorghum stalkstem borer. Because maize plants dont produce tillers, they are less able to tolerate stem borer attack than sorghum and pearl millet plants and the effect on grain yields is therefore greater. Considering the economic importance of the maize crop and the losses caused by the maize stem borer.
Resistance of btmaize mon810 against the stem borers busseola. Differential resistance reaction of maize genotypes to. Corn rootworms fall armyworm corn earworm corn leaf aphid european corn borer 2nd3rd gen. Damage to sorghum is usually less serious than damage to maize, because sorghum easily tillers and this can partly compensate for the damage. Selection of maize genotypes resistant to pink stem borer. Maize stalk borers cabi africa soil health consortium. Studies on genetics of resistance to chilo species have been carried out only in a few cases.
Some second generation caterpillars bore in the cobs. Maize shootfly atherigona orientalis muscidae diptera 2. Genetics of sorghum, maize, rice and sugarcane resistance to. On older plants, they bore through the upper nodes and feed toward the base. Determining the effect of stemborers on yields of cereal. We look at some of the major insect pests of maize and the damages they cause to the maize plant and how they can be controlled or managed. Furthermore, maize lethal necrosis, maize streak virus and maize ear rot diseases respectively cause about 50%, 47%. Abundance and diversity of maize stem borer species in a maizegroundnut mixture in central cameroon. All the tested isolates showed suppression of maize stem borer damage during both seasons.
Stem borers are the most important maize pests in the humid forest zone of cameroon. Pdf on oct 10, 2016, muhammad zahid sharif and others published maize stem borer chilo partellus. The number of larvae per stem for both stem borers, i. Review of stem borer research in ghana springerlink. Forty four maize genotypes were screened for resistance to maize stem borer at the research field of national maize research program, rampur during spring seasons march to june of two consecutive years 20 and 2014. Chemical control of maize stem borer chilo partellus. The work on the biology of the borers carried out at asutsuare between october 1977 and january 1980 has pinpointed the fact that the practice of ratooning is the principal cause of a devastating build up of stem borers in the sugarcane fields.