The strong bolt 2 is available in carbon steel, type 304 and type 316 stainless steel. Bolting through masonry veneer wood design and engineering. In this paper the strength design approach of reinforced masonry members is. Designed for insertion through holes in assembly parts, it is mated with a tapped nut. Selection guide anchors for concrete applications itw red head. To order a complete tek manual or tek index, contact ncma publications 703 71900.
Jun 07, 2018 anchor bolts can be designed either through allowable stress design or strength design, both detailed in tms 402. Usage metal structures, profiles, floor, bearing plates. Pdf design of anchor bolts in masonry researchgate. Program, typical masonry details cd includes autocad and pdf formats. Table 2 shear failure modes for anchor bolts on masonry. Design of masonry structures, third edition of load bearing. Both shear and tension are transferred through anchor bolts to resist design forces such as uplift due to wind.
The observed failure mode for tension loading was pullout of the bolt or a wedge shaped section of masonry that separated from the wall with a depth equal to that. Strength of mortar psi versus constituent proportions. A wedgetype expansion anchor designed for optimal performance in cracked and uncracked concrete as well as uncracked masonry. Masonry institute of washington 10519 ne 38th place, building 12 kirkland, wa 98033. Instead engineers used the recommended loads from anchor suppliers technical tables, onsite tests on base. Individual units, such as brick, tile, stone or concrete block, which are bonded together with mortar to form a masonry element such as walls, columns, piers, buttress, etc. Aci 31808 building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. The current equations in the consensus and model codes impose a penalty on the bolt capacity in tension and shear when it is located in close proximity to a wall edge.
Varma lc clear distance, in the direction of the force, between the edge of the hole and the edge of the adjacent hole or edge of the material in. Small diameter sleeve anchors, wedge anchors, screws and lag bolt shields see fig. Anchor bolts for brick masonry brick industry association. Brick and cmu construction this publication 2012 masonry institute of washington. The design of frp reinforcement for outofplane and inplane loads is based on limit state principles. Masonry has been used in construction since ancient times, for aqueducts, bridges and castles to industrial and residential buildings. Strength design generally results in more efficient designs than with allowable stress design. Tension is normally induced in the bolt to compress the assembly by rotating the nut. In new masonry construction, anchor bolts are commonly embedded in walls and columns to support beams.
Where reliable performance is desired, the most common assurance that masonry fasteners will satisfy the demands of masonry design is provided through certification by wellestablished thirdparty evaluation agencies. Flanged body to keep anchor flush with surface of concrete n rl. Stone and clay continued to be the primary masonry materials through the middle ages and later. The connection of various materials and products to concrete masonry walls was one key issue identified by the study, particularly in regions unfamiliar with concrete masonry construction.
Galvanised finish view products masonry through bolt anchors stainless steel eta approved for high performance quick, secure through fixings in concrete. Masonry, tek 147a, and strength design of concrete. Sleeve fasteners figure 1c consist of a threaded stud with a flared coneshaped. The mason contractors association of america mcaa is committed to preserving and promoting the masonry industry by providing continuing education, advocating fair codes and standards, fostering a safe work environment, recruiting future manpower, and marketing the benefits of masonry materials. The results of that study are documented in building concrete masonry homes. Gravity dam is constructed of concrete andor masonry andor laidup. Design so that anchor strength is governed by steel tensile or shear yielding. The function of anchor bolts is to transfer loads to the masonry from attachments such as ledgers, sills, and bearing plates. Why walls leak leaky walls are not confined to any one type of masonry.
This may also be done by rotation of the bolt head. A future article will focus on the design of fasteners to masonry in accordance with tms 402aci 530asce 5 code requirements, and how test data published in accordance with thirdparty evaluation reports may be used in conjunction with the code requirements. The connectors do not transfer any vertical load to the masonry wall, but their design can have a significant influence on the overall perfor mance of the system. No need for marking out, drill hole through fixture.
However, there will usually be an additional aesthetic requirement. This article describes various types of fasteners for masonry, notes. This testing is complete and found that the anchor bolt strength level design provisions listed in the msjc chapter 3 msjc, 2002 appeared to be generally adequate for tension loading but can be quite unconservative for larger bolt diameters where masonry shear failures dominated the. Design of steeltoconcrete joints, design manual i although all care has been taken to ensure the integrity and quality of this publication and the information herein, no liability is assumed by the project partners and the publisher for any damage to property or persons as a. Suitable for horizontal, vertical and overhead applications. Anchor bolt design spreadsheet anchor reinforcement aci318. Full thread for more flexible use of anchors and strike cap to prevent thread damage.
Design of steeltoconcrete joints, design manual i although all care has been taken to ensure the integrity and quality of this publication and the information herein, no liability is assumed by the project partners and the publisher for any damage to property or persons as a result of the use of this publication. Developments in the design, fabrication and erection of steel structures together with the introduction of new high performance materials have lead to significant changes in the design, buildability and performance of steel structures and in particular their connections. Section 1 of this publication sets out performance requirements for connection between steel and other materials. The most widely used rocks are granite igneous, limestone and sandstone sedimentary, and marble metamorphic. Sleeve fasteners figure 1c consist of a threaded stud with a flared coneshaped end and an expander sleeve assembled over the stud. General background the pressure injection method of crack repair was developed by the hazardous building committee of the structural engineers association of southern california and the city of. A bolt is a device with a head on one end of a shank or body and a thread on the other end. Anchor bolt design spreadsheet anchor reinforcement aci31808. For a brick veneer the deck has to be either free standing or it should be attach to the structure using wood or steel spacers at each of the through bolt locations. Information on how to perform this design can be found in ncma tek 123c, design of anchor bolts in concrete masonry. This technical notes offers basic information covering 1 the types of anchor bolts available for structural applica tions in brick masonry, 2 typical details of proper anchor bolt installation, 3 suggested allowable anchor bolt design loads and 4 the current and proposed codes and standards governing anchor bolts in brick masonry con. An assemblage of masonry units properly bonded together with mortar.
A significant development in masonry construction in ancient times was the invention of concrete by the romans. Test methods for flexural bond strength of masonry e 519. Table 1 summarizes the details of the test specimens. Understand the changes, and the basis for the changes, to anchor bolt design provisions in tms 402. Few tests have been conducted on brick masonry walls where the anchor bolt is located in the top of the wall.
Economical, easy to use through fixing in concrete, requiring a hole the same diameter as the thread size. Testing matrix percent tension percent shear number of specimens. Service spillway design floodssdf is the flow discharged through the service spillway. These fasteners may be placed in holes drilled through bed joints or through the unit faces into hollow cells see fig.
Once inserted through a predrilled hole into the core of a hollow concrete masonry unit, the toggle expands and bears against the masonry, holding the bolt in place. For high performance quick, secure through fixings in concrete. Masonry through bolt anchors stainless steel eta approved for high performance quick, secure through fixings in concrete. But until a few years ago, there were no official guidelines to design fastening systems for masonry. Engineering fundamentals of threaded fastener design and. Ncma also has a companion spreadsheet for performing design calculations that can be downloaded here. Anchor bolts in clay masonry walls canada masonry design centre. Anchor bolts can be designed either through allowable stress design or strength design, both detailed in tms 402. Lintel design aids cl b ibliography bibliography 1 list of figures figure 31. Code listed under ibcirc for cracked and uncracked concrete per icces esr3037. It was determined that with the exception of the american standard msjc, most provisions for connections for masonry require anchors to be designed using some form of performance based criteria.
Bolts in the top of a masonry wall are always close to the edge, and the. However, during testing of some of the bolt specimens, cracks propagated through the masonry walls to untested bolts, resulting in unusable bolts. The house has concrete masonry exterior walls, a woodframed floor deck over a crawl space, and woodframed interior. A 4x or tube steel spacer the depth of the veneer plus the cavity depth and plus 14 x 9 or 11 long is placed at each through bolt location typically 24 o. Alternatively, if governed by masonry breakout or anchor pullout, design to resist not less than 2. The design process for masonry walls requires investigating several possible failure modes and limit states cnrdt 200, 2004. Although wellcut blocks of stone masonry could be erected without benefit of mortar, the romans recognized the value of cement, which they made from pozzolanic tuff, a. Cracking occurs when ft fr due to service loads or deformations. The concrete breakout strength limits the anchor design strength and make anchor bolt design not practical in many applications such as concrete pedestal, which has limited edge distances surrounding anchor bolts. Information on how to perform this design can be found in ncma tek 123c,design of anchor bolts in concrete masonry. Anchorage of structural walls and transfer of design forces into diaphragms. Fema 451b topic 12 notes masonry structures 12 4 instructional material complementing fema 451, design examples design of masonry structures 12 4 context in the nehrp recommended provisions design seismic loads load combinations chap. In aci 31808 the definition for anchor reinforcement is introduced, and the strength of anchor reinforcement used to preclude. No hole cleaning required stud externally threaded rebar hex bolt counter sunk head hotdip galvanized steel 304 stainless steel 316 stainless steel seismic cracked concrete 4 a.
Code listed under ibcirc for masonry per iapmo ues er240. National concrete masonry association to order a complete tek manual or tek index, 2302 horse pen road, herndon, virginia 2017499 contact ncma publications 703 71900. Methods for strength of anchors in concrete and masonry. Hybrid masonry connections and throughbolts structure. In addition to rocks, clays of varying types are manufactured into bricks and tiles. Masonry construction begins with extractive materials, such as clay, sand, gravel, and stone, usually mined from surface pits or quarries. How do i properly design anchor bolts in concrete masonry. The strongbolt 2 is available in carbon steel, type 304 and type 316 stainless steel.
However, most masonry is still designed by the allowable stress design method. Beginning with the 2016 edition of this document, tms is solely responsible for the development of this document. Both shear and tension are transferred through anchor bolts to resist design forces such as uplift due to wind at the top of a column or wall or vertical gravity loads on ledgers supporting joists or trusses see figure 1. This testing is complete and found that the anchor bolt strength level design provisions listed in the msjc. Design of anchor bolts in masonry article pdf available in progress in structural engineering and materials 84. The house is a 1,300 square foot, singlestory structure. The following contains a number of design and workmanship details that are essential to preventing moisture problems in masonry walls. Masonry through bolt anchors zinc plated toolfast direct. Masonry walls that leak when subjected to driving rains, however, are a source of irritation to owners, tenants, designers, and builders. Guidelines for design of dams table of contents section title page preface to the january 1 1989 edition. The webinar will also cover general anchor bolt design in masonry, will provide practical design tips, and show examples of anchor bolt design.